.. _logging-ref:

=======
Logging
=======

.. seealso::

    * :ref:`logging-how-to`
    * :ref:`Django logging overview <logging-explanation>`

.. module:: django.utils.log
   :synopsis: Logging tools for Django applications

Django's logging module extends Python's builtin :mod:`logging`.

Logging is configured as part of the general Django :func:`django.setup`
function, so it's always available unless explicitly disabled.

.. _default-logging-configuration:

Django's default logging configuration
======================================

By default, Django uses Python's :ref:`logging.config.dictConfig format
<logging-config-dictschema>`.

Default logging conditions
--------------------------

The full set of default logging conditions are:

When :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``:

* The ``django`` logger sends messages in the ``django`` hierarchy (except
  ``django.server``) at the ``INFO`` level or higher to the console.

When :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``:

* The ``django`` logger sends messages in the ``django`` hierarchy (except
  ``django.server``)  with ``ERROR`` or ``CRITICAL`` level to
  :class:`AdminEmailHandler`.

Independently of the value of :setting:`DEBUG`:

* The :ref:`django-server-logger` logger sends messages at the ``INFO`` level
  or higher to the console.

All loggers except :ref:`django-server-logger` propagate logging to their
parents, up to the root ``django`` logger. The ``console`` and ``mail_admins``
handlers are attached to the root logger to provide the behavior described
above.

Python's own defaults send records of level ``WARNING`` and higher
to the console.

.. _default-logging-definition:

Default logging definition
--------------------------

Django's default logging configuration inherits Python's defaults. It's
available as ``django.utils.log.DEFAULT_LOGGING`` and defined in
:source:`django/utils/log.py`::

    {
        "version": 1,
        "disable_existing_loggers": False,
        "filters": {
            "require_debug_false": {
                "()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse",
            },
            "require_debug_true": {
                "()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugTrue",
            },
        },
        "formatters": {
            "django.server": {
                "()": "django.utils.log.ServerFormatter",
                "format": "[{server_time}] {message}",
                "style": "{",
            }
        },
        "handlers": {
            "console": {
                "level": "INFO",
                "filters": ["require_debug_true"],
                "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
            },
            "django.server": {
                "level": "INFO",
                "class": "logging.StreamHandler",
                "formatter": "django.server",
            },
            "mail_admins": {
                "level": "ERROR",
                "filters": ["require_debug_false"],
                "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "django": {
                "handlers": ["console", "mail_admins"],
                "level": "INFO",
            },
            "django.server": {
                "handlers": ["django.server"],
                "level": "INFO",
                "propagate": False,
            },
        },
    }

See :ref:`configuring-logging` on how to complement or replace this default
logging configuration.

Django logging extensions
=========================

Django provides a number of utilities to handle the particular requirements of
logging in a web server environment.

Loggers
-------

Django provides several built-in loggers.

.. _django-logger:

``django``
~~~~~~~~~~

The parent logger for messages in the ``django`` :ref:`named logger hierarchy
<naming-loggers-hierarchy>`. Django does not post messages using this name.
Instead, it uses one of the loggers below.

.. _django-request-logger:

``django.request``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Log messages related to the handling of requests. 5XX responses are
raised as ``ERROR`` messages; 4XX responses are raised as ``WARNING``
messages. Requests that are logged to the ``django.security`` logger aren't
logged to ``django.request``.

Messages to this logger have the following extra context:

* ``status_code``: The HTTP response code associated with the request.

* ``request``: The request object that generated the logging message.

.. _django-server-logger:

``django.server``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Log messages related to the handling of requests received by the server invoked
by the :djadmin:`runserver` command. HTTP 5XX responses are logged as ``ERROR``
messages, 4XX responses are logged as ``WARNING`` messages, and everything else
is logged as ``INFO``.

Messages to this logger have the following extra context:

* ``status_code``: The HTTP response code associated with the request.

* ``request``: The request object (a :py:class:`socket.socket`) that generated the logging message.

.. _django-template-logger:

``django.template``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Log messages related to the rendering of templates.

* Missing context variables are logged as ``DEBUG`` messages.

.. _django-db-logger:

``django.db.backends``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Messages relating to the interaction of code with the database. For example,
every application-level SQL statement executed by a request is logged at the
``DEBUG`` level to this logger.

Messages to this logger have the following extra context:

* ``duration``: The time taken to execute the SQL statement.
* ``sql``: The SQL statement that was executed.
* ``params``: The parameters that were used in the SQL call.
* ``alias``: The alias of the database used in the SQL call.

For performance reasons, SQL logging is only enabled when
``settings.DEBUG`` is set to ``True``, regardless of the logging
level or handlers that are installed.

This logging does not include framework-level initialization (e.g.
``SET TIMEZONE``). Turn on query logging in your database if you wish to view
all database queries.

.. versionchanged:: 4.2

    Support for logging transaction management queries (``BEGIN``, ``COMMIT``,
    and ``ROLLBACK``) was added.

.. _django-security-logger:

``django.security.*``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The security loggers will receive messages on any occurrence of
:exc:`~django.core.exceptions.SuspiciousOperation` and other security-related
errors. There is a sub-logger for each subtype of security error, including all
``SuspiciousOperation``\s. The level of the log event depends on where the
exception is handled.  Most occurrences are logged as a warning, while
any ``SuspiciousOperation`` that reaches the WSGI handler will be logged as an
error. For example, when an HTTP ``Host`` header is included in a request from
a client that does not match :setting:`ALLOWED_HOSTS`, Django will return a 400
response, and an error message will be logged to the
``django.security.DisallowedHost`` logger.

These log events will reach the ``django`` logger by default, which mails error
events to admins when ``DEBUG=False``. Requests resulting in a 400 response due
to a ``SuspiciousOperation`` will not be logged to the ``django.request``
logger, but only to the ``django.security`` logger.

To silence a particular type of ``SuspiciousOperation``, you can override that
specific logger following this example::

    LOGGING = {
        # ...
        "handlers": {
            "null": {
                "class": "logging.NullHandler",
            },
        },
        "loggers": {
            "django.security.DisallowedHost": {
                "handlers": ["null"],
                "propagate": False,
            },
        },
        # ...
    }

Other ``django.security`` loggers not based on ``SuspiciousOperation`` are:

* ``django.security.csrf``: For :ref:`CSRF failures <csrf-rejected-requests>`.

``django.db.backends.schema``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Logs the SQL queries that are executed during schema changes to the database by
the :doc:`migrations framework </topics/migrations>`. Note that it won't log the
queries executed by :class:`~django.db.migrations.operations.RunPython`.
Messages to this logger have ``params`` and ``sql`` in their extra context (but
unlike ``django.db.backends``, not duration). The values have the same meaning
as explained in :ref:`django-db-logger`.

Handlers
--------

Django provides one log handler in addition to :mod:`those provided by the
Python logging module <python:logging.handlers>`.

.. class:: AdminEmailHandler(include_html=False, email_backend=None, reporter_class=None)

    This handler sends an email to the site :setting:`ADMINS` for each log
    message it receives.

    If the log record contains a ``request`` attribute, the full details
    of the request will be included in the email. The email subject will
    include the phrase "internal IP" if the client's IP address is in the
    :setting:`INTERNAL_IPS` setting; if not, it will include "EXTERNAL IP".

    If the log record contains stack trace information, that stack
    trace will be included in the email.

    The ``include_html`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler`` is used to
    control whether the traceback email includes an HTML attachment
    containing the full content of the debug web page that would have been
    produced if :setting:`DEBUG` were ``True``. To set this value in your
    configuration, include it in the handler definition for
    ``django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler``, like this::

        "handlers": {
            "mail_admins": {
                "level": "ERROR",
                "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
                "include_html": True,
            },
        }

    Be aware of the :ref:`security implications of logging
    <logging-security-implications>` when using the ``AdminEmailHandler``.

    By setting the ``email_backend`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler``, the
    :ref:`email backend <topic-email-backends>` that is being used by the
    handler can be overridden, like this::

        "handlers": {
            "mail_admins": {
                "level": "ERROR",
                "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
                "email_backend": "django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend",
            },
        }

    By default, an instance of the email backend specified in
    :setting:`EMAIL_BACKEND` will be used.

    The ``reporter_class`` argument of ``AdminEmailHandler`` allows providing
    an ``django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter`` subclass to customize the
    traceback text sent in the email body. You provide a string import path to
    the class you wish to use, like this::

        "handlers": {
            "mail_admins": {
                "level": "ERROR",
                "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
                "include_html": True,
                "reporter_class": "somepackage.error_reporter.CustomErrorReporter",
            },
        }

    .. method:: send_mail(subject, message, *args, **kwargs)

        Sends emails to admin users. To customize this behavior, you can
        subclass the :class:`~django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler` class and
        override this method.

Filters
-------

Django provides some log filters in addition to those provided by the Python
logging module.

.. class:: CallbackFilter(callback)

    This filter accepts a callback function (which should accept a single
    argument, the record to be logged), and calls it for each record that
    passes through the filter. Handling of that record will not proceed if the
    callback returns False.

    For instance, to filter out :exc:`~django.http.UnreadablePostError`
    (raised when a user cancels an upload) from the admin emails, you would
    create a filter function::

        from django.http import UnreadablePostError


        def skip_unreadable_post(record):
            if record.exc_info:
                exc_type, exc_value = record.exc_info[:2]
                if isinstance(exc_value, UnreadablePostError):
                    return False
            return True

    and then add it to your logging config::

        LOGGING = {
            # ...
            "filters": {
                "skip_unreadable_posts": {
                    "()": "django.utils.log.CallbackFilter",
                    "callback": skip_unreadable_post,
                },
            },
            "handlers": {
                "mail_admins": {
                    "level": "ERROR",
                    "filters": ["skip_unreadable_posts"],
                    "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
                },
            },
            # ...
        }

.. class:: RequireDebugFalse()

    This filter will only pass on records when settings.DEBUG is False.

    This filter is used as follows in the default :setting:`LOGGING`
    configuration to ensure that the :class:`AdminEmailHandler` only sends
    error emails to admins when :setting:`DEBUG` is ``False``::

        LOGGING = {
            # ...
            "filters": {
                "require_debug_false": {
                    "()": "django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse",
                },
            },
            "handlers": {
                "mail_admins": {
                    "level": "ERROR",
                    "filters": ["require_debug_false"],
                    "class": "django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler",
                },
            },
            # ...
        }

.. class:: RequireDebugTrue()

    This filter is similar to :class:`RequireDebugFalse`, except that records are
    passed only when :setting:`DEBUG` is ``True``.
