=========================================
PostgreSQL specific aggregation functions
=========================================

.. module:: django.contrib.postgres.aggregates
   :synopsis: PostgreSQL specific aggregation functions

These functions are available from the ``django.contrib.postgres.aggregates``
module. They are described in more detail in the `PostgreSQL docs
<https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-aggregate.html>`_.

.. note::

    All functions come without default aliases, so you must explicitly provide
    one. For example:

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> SomeModel.objects.aggregate(arr=ArrayAgg('somefield'))
        {'arr': [0, 1, 2]}

.. admonition:: Common aggregate options

    All aggregates have the :ref:`filter <aggregate-filter>` keyword argument
    and most also have the :ref:`default <aggregate-default>` keyword argument.

General-purpose aggregation functions
=====================================

``ArrayAgg``
------------

.. class:: ArrayAgg(expression, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=(), **extra)

    Returns a list of values, including nulls, concatenated into an array, or
    ``default`` if there are no values.

    .. attribute:: distinct

        An optional boolean argument that determines if array values
        will be distinct. Defaults to ``False``.

    .. attribute:: ordering

        An optional string of a field name (with an optional ``"-"`` prefix
        which indicates descending order) or an expression (or a tuple or list
        of strings and/or expressions) that specifies the ordering of the
        elements in the result list.

        Examples::

            'some_field'
            '-some_field'
            from django.db.models import F
            F('some_field').desc()

    .. deprecated:: 4.0

        If there are no rows and ``default`` is not provided, ``ArrayAgg``
        returns an empty list instead of ``None``. This behavior is deprecated
        and will be removed in Django 5.0. If you need it, explicitly set
        ``default`` to ``Value([])``.

``BitAnd``
----------

.. class:: BitAnd(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)

    Returns an ``int`` of the bitwise ``AND`` of all non-null input values, or
    ``default`` if all values are null.

``BitOr``
---------

.. class:: BitOr(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)

    Returns an ``int`` of the bitwise ``OR`` of all non-null input values, or
    ``default`` if all values are null.

``BitXor``
----------

.. versionadded:: 4.1

.. class:: BitXor(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)

    Returns an ``int`` of the bitwise ``XOR`` of all non-null input values, or
    ``default`` if all values are null. It requires PostgreSQL 14+.

``BoolAnd``
-----------

.. class:: BoolAnd(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)

    Returns ``True``, if all input values are true, ``default`` if all values
    are null or if there are no values, otherwise ``False``.

    Usage example::

        class Comment(models.Model):
            body = models.TextField()
            published = models.BooleanField()
            rank = models.IntegerField()

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> from django.db.models import Q
        >>> from django.contrib.postgres.aggregates import BoolAnd
        >>> Comment.objects.aggregate(booland=BoolAnd('published'))
        {'booland': False}
        >>> Comment.objects.aggregate(booland=BoolAnd(Q(rank__lt=100)))
        {'booland': True}

``BoolOr``
----------

.. class:: BoolOr(expression, filter=None, default=None, **extra)

    Returns ``True`` if at least one input value is true, ``default`` if all
    values are null or if there are no values, otherwise ``False``.

    Usage example::

        class Comment(models.Model):
            body = models.TextField()
            published = models.BooleanField()
            rank = models.IntegerField()

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> from django.db.models import Q
        >>> from django.contrib.postgres.aggregates import BoolOr
        >>> Comment.objects.aggregate(boolor=BoolOr('published'))
        {'boolor': True}
        >>> Comment.objects.aggregate(boolor=BoolOr(Q(rank__gt=2)))
        {'boolor': False}

``JSONBAgg``
------------

.. class:: JSONBAgg(expressions, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=(), **extra)

    Returns the input values as a ``JSON`` array, or ``default`` if there are
    no values. You can query the result using :lookup:`key and index lookups
    <jsonfield.key>`.

    .. attribute:: distinct

        An optional boolean argument that determines if array values will be
        distinct. Defaults to ``False``.

    .. attribute:: ordering

        An optional string of a field name (with an optional ``"-"`` prefix
        which indicates descending order) or an expression (or a tuple or list
        of strings and/or expressions) that specifies the ordering of the
        elements in the result list.

        Examples are the same as for :attr:`ArrayAgg.ordering`.

    Usage example::

        class Room(models.Model):
            number = models.IntegerField(unique=True)

        class HotelReservation(models.Model):
            room = models.ForeignKey('Room', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
            start = models.DateTimeField()
            end = models.DateTimeField()
            requirements = models.JSONField(blank=True, null=True)

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> from django.contrib.postgres.aggregates import JSONBAgg
        >>> Room.objects.annotate(
        ...     requirements=JSONBAgg(
        ...         'hotelreservation__requirements',
        ...         ordering='-hotelreservation__start',
        ...     )
        ... ).filter(requirements__0__sea_view=True).values('number', 'requirements')
        <QuerySet [{'number': 102, 'requirements': [
            {'parking': False, 'sea_view': True, 'double_bed': False},
            {'parking': True, 'double_bed': True}
        ]}]>

    .. deprecated:: 4.0

        If there are no rows and ``default`` is not provided, ``JSONBAgg``
        returns an empty list instead of ``None``. This behavior is deprecated
        and will be removed in Django 5.0. If you need it, explicitly set
        ``default`` to ``Value('[]')``.

``StringAgg``
-------------

.. class:: StringAgg(expression, delimiter, distinct=False, filter=None, default=None, ordering=())

    Returns the input values concatenated into a string, separated by
    the ``delimiter`` string, or ``default`` if there are no values.

    .. attribute:: delimiter

        Required argument. Needs to be a string.

    .. attribute:: distinct

        An optional boolean argument that determines if concatenated values
        will be distinct. Defaults to ``False``.

    .. attribute:: ordering

        An optional string of a field name (with an optional ``"-"`` prefix
        which indicates descending order) or an expression (or a tuple or list
        of strings and/or expressions) that specifies the ordering of the
        elements in the result string.

        Examples are the same as for :attr:`ArrayAgg.ordering`.

    Usage example::

        class Publication(models.Model):
            title = models.CharField(max_length=30)

        class Article(models.Model):
            headline = models.CharField(max_length=100)
            publications = models.ManyToManyField(Publication)

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> article = Article.objects.create(headline="NASA uses Python")
        >>> article.publications.create(title="The Python Journal")
        <Publication: Publication object (1)>
        >>> article.publications.create(title="Science News")
        <Publication: Publication object (2)>
        >>> from django.contrib.postgres.aggregates import StringAgg
        >>> Article.objects.annotate(
        ...     publication_names=StringAgg(
        ...         "publications__title",
        ...         delimiter=", ",
        ...         ordering="publications__title",
        ...     )
        ... ).values("headline", "publication_names")
        <QuerySet [{
            'headline': 'NASA uses Python', 'publication_names': 'Science News, The Python Journal'
        }]>

    .. deprecated:: 4.0

        If there are no rows and ``default`` is not provided, ``StringAgg``
        returns an empty string instead of ``None``. This behavior is
        deprecated and will be removed in Django 5.0. If you need it,
        explicitly set ``default`` to ``Value('')``.

Aggregate functions for statistics
==================================

``y`` and ``x``
---------------

The arguments ``y`` and ``x`` for all these functions can be the name of a
field or an expression returning a numeric data. Both are required.

``Corr``
--------

.. class:: Corr(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the correlation coefficient as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there
    aren't any matching rows.

``CovarPop``
------------

.. class:: CovarPop(y, x, sample=False, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the population covariance as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there
    aren't any matching rows.

    .. attribute:: sample

        Optional. By default ``CovarPop`` returns the general population
        covariance. However, if ``sample=True``, the return value will be the
        sample population covariance.

``RegrAvgX``
------------

.. class:: RegrAvgX(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the average of the independent variable (``sum(x)/N``) as a
    ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.

``RegrAvgY``
------------

.. class:: RegrAvgY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the average of the dependent variable (``sum(y)/N``) as a
    ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.

``RegrCount``
-------------

.. class:: RegrCount(y, x, filter=None)

    Returns an ``int`` of the number of input rows in which both expressions
    are not null.

    .. note::

        The ``default`` argument is not supported.

``RegrIntercept``
-----------------

.. class:: RegrIntercept(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the y-intercept of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined
    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any
    matching rows.

``RegrR2``
----------

.. class:: RegrR2(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the square of the correlation coefficient as a ``float``, or
    ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.

``RegrSlope``
-------------

.. class:: RegrSlope(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns the slope of the least-squares-fit linear equation determined
    by the ``(x, y)`` pairs as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any
    matching rows.

``RegrSXX``
-----------

.. class:: RegrSXX(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns ``sum(x^2) - sum(x)^2/N`` ("sum of squares" of the independent
    variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.

``RegrSXY``
-----------

.. class:: RegrSXY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns ``sum(x*y) - sum(x) * sum(y)/N`` ("sum of products" of independent
    times dependent variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't
    any matching rows.

``RegrSYY``
-----------

.. class:: RegrSYY(y, x, filter=None, default=None)

    Returns ``sum(y^2) - sum(y)^2/N`` ("sum of squares" of the dependent
    variable) as a ``float``, or ``default`` if there aren't any matching rows.

Usage examples
==============

We will use this example table:

.. code-block:: text

    | FIELD1 | FIELD2 | FIELD3 |
    |--------|--------|--------|
    |    foo |      1 |     13 |
    |    bar |      2 | (null) |
    |   test |      3 |     13 |

Here's some examples of some of the general-purpose aggregation functions:

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> TestModel.objects.aggregate(result=StringAgg('field1', delimiter=';'))
    {'result': 'foo;bar;test'}
    >>> TestModel.objects.aggregate(result=ArrayAgg('field2'))
    {'result': [1, 2, 3]}
    >>> TestModel.objects.aggregate(result=ArrayAgg('field1'))
    {'result': ['foo', 'bar', 'test']}

The next example shows the usage of statistical aggregate functions. The
underlying math will be not described (you can read about this, for example, at
`wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis>`_):

.. code-block:: pycon

    >>> TestModel.objects.aggregate(count=RegrCount(y='field3', x='field2'))
    {'count': 2}
    >>> TestModel.objects.aggregate(avgx=RegrAvgX(y='field3', x='field2'),
    ...                             avgy=RegrAvgY(y='field3', x='field2'))
    {'avgx': 2, 'avgy': 13}
