diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py b/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py
index d858144152..7dcec5368b 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py
@@ -114,7 +114,10 @@ def _filter_prefetch_queryset(queryset, field_name, instances):
         if high_mark is not None:
             predicate &= LessThanOrEqual(window, high_mark)
         queryset.query.clear_limits()
-    return queryset.filter(predicate)
+    # All pre-existing JOINs must be re-used when applying the predicate to
+    # avoid unintended spanning of multi-valued relationships.
+    queryset.query.add_q(predicate, reuse_all=True)
+    return queryset
 
 
 class ForwardManyToOneDescriptor:
@@ -1164,7 +1167,7 @@ def create_forward_many_to_many_manager(superclass, rel, reverse):
             queryset._add_hints(instance=instances[0])
             queryset = queryset.using(queryset._db or self._db)
             queryset = _filter_prefetch_queryset(
-                queryset._next_is_sticky(), self.query_field_name, instances
+                queryset, self.query_field_name, instances
             )
 
             # M2M: need to annotate the query in order to get the primary model
diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
index ddf6c891fa..ec47d9aa24 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@ class Query(BaseExpression):
     def add_filter(self, filter_lhs, filter_rhs):
         self.add_q(Q((filter_lhs, filter_rhs)))
 
-    def add_q(self, q_object):
+    def add_q(self, q_object, reuse_all=False):
         """
         A preprocessor for the internal _add_q(). Responsible for doing final
         join promotion.
@@ -1630,7 +1630,11 @@ class Query(BaseExpression):
         existing_inner = {
             a for a in self.alias_map if self.alias_map[a].join_type == INNER
         }
-        clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, self.used_aliases)
+        if reuse_all:
+            can_reuse = set(self.alias_map)
+        else:
+            can_reuse = self.used_aliases
+        clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, can_reuse)
         if clause:
             self.where.add(clause, AND)
         self.demote_joins(existing_inner)
diff --git a/tests/prefetch_related/models.py b/tests/prefetch_related/models.py
index 0d9dbe6066..2f37cde1c8 100644
--- a/tests/prefetch_related/models.py
+++ b/tests/prefetch_related/models.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class FavoriteAuthors(models.Model):
     likes_author = models.ForeignKey(
         Author, models.CASCADE, to_field="name", related_name="likes_me"
     )
+    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
 
     class Meta:
         ordering = ["id"]
diff --git a/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py b/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
index 99e3cd6b80..b3531cc36f 100644
--- a/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
+++ b/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
 from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
 from django.db import NotSupportedError, connection
-from django.db.models import Prefetch, QuerySet, prefetch_related_objects
+from django.db.models import F, Prefetch, QuerySet, prefetch_related_objects
 from django.db.models.fields.related import ForwardManyToOneDescriptor
 from django.db.models.query import get_prefetcher, prefetch_one_level
 from django.db.models.sql import Query
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class PrefetchRelatedTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
                     Query,
                     "add_q",
                     autospec=True,
-                    side_effect=lambda self, q: add_q(self, q),
+                    side_effect=lambda self, q, reuse_all: add_q(self, q),
                 ) as add_q_mock:
                     list(Book.objects.prefetch_related(relation))
                     self.assertEqual(add_q_mock.call_count, 1)
@@ -395,6 +395,46 @@ class PrefetchRelatedTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.prefetch_related("authors").iterator()
 
+    def test_m2m_join_reuse(self):
+        FavoriteAuthors.objects.bulk_create(
+            [
+                FavoriteAuthors(
+                    author=self.author1, likes_author=self.author3, is_active=True
+                ),
+                FavoriteAuthors(
+                    author=self.author1,
+                    likes_author=self.author4,
+                    is_active=False,
+                ),
+                FavoriteAuthors(
+                    author=self.author2, likes_author=self.author3, is_active=True
+                ),
+                FavoriteAuthors(
+                    author=self.author2, likes_author=self.author4, is_active=True
+                ),
+            ]
+        )
+        with self.assertNumQueries(2):
+            authors = list(
+                Author.objects.filter(
+                    pk__in=[self.author1.pk, self.author2.pk]
+                ).prefetch_related(
+                    Prefetch(
+                        "favorite_authors",
+                        queryset=(
+                            Author.objects.annotate(
+                                active_favorite=F("likes_me__is_active"),
+                            ).filter(active_favorite=True)
+                        ),
+                        to_attr="active_favorite_authors",
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(authors[0].active_favorite_authors, [self.author3])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            authors[1].active_favorite_authors, [self.author3, self.author4]
+        )
+
 
 class RawQuerySetTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
     def test_basic(self):
@@ -1049,7 +1089,7 @@ class CustomPrefetchTests(TestCase):
             Query,
             "add_q",
             autospec=True,
-            side_effect=lambda self, q: add_q(self, q),
+            side_effect=lambda self, q, reuse_all: add_q(self, q),
         ) as add_q_mock:
             list(
                 House.objects.prefetch_related(