django/django/db/models/lookups.py

import itertools
import math
from copy import copy

from django.core.exceptions import EmptyResultSet
from django.db.models.expressions import Case, Exists, Func, Value, When
from django.db.models.fields import (
    CharField, DateTimeField, Field, IntegerField, UUIDField,
)
from django.db.models.query_utils import RegisterLookupMixin
from django.utils.datastructures import OrderedSet
from django.utils.functional import cached_property
from django.utils.hashable import make_hashable


class Lookup:
    lookup_name = None
    prepare_rhs = True
    can_use_none_as_rhs = False

    def __init__(self, lhs, rhs):
        self.lhs, self.rhs = lhs, rhs
        self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()
        if hasattr(self.lhs, 'get_bilateral_transforms'):
            bilateral_transforms = self.lhs.get_bilateral_transforms()
        else:
            bilateral_transforms = []
        if bilateral_transforms:
            # Warn the user as soon as possible if they are trying to apply
            # a bilateral transformation on a nested QuerySet: that won't work.
            from django.db.models.sql.query import (  # avoid circular import
                Query,
            )
            if isinstance(rhs, Query):
                raise NotImplementedError("Bilateral transformations on nested querysets are not implemented.")
        self.bilateral_transforms = bilateral_transforms

    def apply_bilateral_transforms(self, value):
        for transform in self.bilateral_transforms:
            value = transform(value)
        return value

    def batch_process_rhs(self, compiler, connection, rhs=None):
        if rhs is None:
            rhs = self.rhs
        if self.bilateral_transforms:
            sqls, sqls_params = [], []
            for p in rhs:
                value = Value(p, output_field=self.lhs.output_field)
                value = self.apply_bilateral_transforms(value)
                value = value.resolve_expression(compiler.query)
                sql, sql_params = compiler.compile(value)
                sqls.append(sql)
                sqls_params.extend(sql_params)
        else:
            _, params = self.get_db_prep_lookup(rhs, connection)
            sqls, sqls_params = ['%s'] * len(params), params
        return sqls, sqls_params

    def get_source_expressions(self):
        if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
            return [self.lhs]
        return [self.lhs, self.rhs]

    def set_source_expressions(self, new_exprs):
        if len(new_exprs) == 1:
            self.lhs = new_exprs[0]
        else:
            self.lhs, self.rhs = new_exprs

    def get_prep_lookup(self):
        if hasattr(self.rhs, 'resolve_expression'):
            return self.rhs
        if self.prepare_rhs and hasattr(self.lhs.output_field, 'get_prep_value'):
            return self.lhs.output_field.get_prep_value(self.rhs)
        return self.rhs

    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, value, connection):
        return ('%s', [value])

    def process_lhs(self, compiler, connection, lhs=None):
        lhs = lhs or self.lhs
        if hasattr(lhs, 'resolve_expression'):
            lhs = lhs.resolve_expression(compiler.query)
        return compiler.compile(lhs)

    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
        value = self.rhs
        if self.bilateral_transforms:
            if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
                # Do not call get_db_prep_lookup here as the value will be
                # transformed before being used for lookup
                value = Value(value, output_field=self.lhs.output_field)
            value = self.apply_bilateral_transforms(value)
            value = value.resolve_expression(compiler.query)
        if hasattr(value, 'as_sql'):
            sql, params = compiler.compile(value)
            # Ensure expression is wrapped in parentheses to respect operator
            # precedence but avoid double wrapping as it can be misinterpreted
            # on some backends (e.g. subqueries on SQLite).
            if sql and sql[0] != '(':
                sql = '(%s)' % sql
            return sql, params
        else:
            return self.get_db_prep_lookup(value, connection)

    def rhs_is_direct_value(self):
        return not hasattr(self.rhs, 'as_sql')

    def relabeled_clone(self, relabels):
        new = copy(self)
        new.lhs = new.lhs.relabeled_clone(relabels)
        if hasattr(new.rhs, 'relabeled_clone'):
            new.rhs = new.rhs.relabeled_clone(relabels)
        return new

    def get_group_by_cols(self, alias=None):
        cols = self.lhs.get_group_by_cols()
        if hasattr(self.rhs, 'get_group_by_cols'):
            cols.extend(self.rhs.get_group_by_cols())
        return cols

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def as_oracle(self, compiler, connection):
        # Oracle doesn't allow EXISTS() to be compared to another expression
        # unless it's wrapped in a CASE WHEN.
        wrapped = False
        exprs = []
        for expr in (self.lhs, self.rhs):
            if isinstance(expr, Exists):
                expr = Case(When(expr, then=True), default=False)
                wrapped = True
            exprs.append(expr)
        lookup = type(self)(*exprs) if wrapped else self
        return lookup.as_sql(compiler, connection)

    @cached_property
    def contains_aggregate(self):
        return self.lhs.contains_aggregate or getattr(self.rhs, 'contains_aggregate', False)

    @cached_property
    def contains_over_clause(self):
        return self.lhs.contains_over_clause or getattr(self.rhs, 'contains_over_clause', False)

    @property
    def is_summary(self):
        return self.lhs.is_summary or getattr(self.rhs, 'is_summary', False)

    @property
    def identity(self):
        return self.__class__, self.lhs, self.rhs

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, Lookup):
            return NotImplemented
        return self.identity == other.identity

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash(make_hashable(self.identity))


class Transform(RegisterLookupMixin, Func):
    """
    RegisterLookupMixin() is first so that get_lookup() and get_transform()
    first examine self and then check output_field.
    """
    bilateral = False
    arity = 1

    @property
    def lhs(self):
        return self.get_source_expressions()[0]

    def get_bilateral_transforms(self):
        if hasattr(self.lhs, 'get_bilateral_transforms'):
            bilateral_transforms = self.lhs.get_bilateral_transforms()
        else:
            bilateral_transforms = []
        if self.bilateral:
            bilateral_transforms.append(self.__class__)
        return bilateral_transforms


class BuiltinLookup(Lookup):
    def process_lhs(self, compiler, connection, lhs=None):
        lhs_sql, params = super().process_lhs(compiler, connection, lhs)
        field_internal_type = self.lhs.output_field.get_internal_type()
        db_type = self.lhs.output_field.db_type(connection=connection)
        lhs_sql = connection.ops.field_cast_sql(
            db_type, field_internal_type) % lhs_sql
        lhs_sql = connection.ops.lookup_cast(self.lookup_name, field_internal_type) % lhs_sql
        return lhs_sql, list(params)

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
        rhs_sql, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
        params.extend(rhs_params)
        rhs_sql = self.get_rhs_op(connection, rhs_sql)
        return '%s %s' % (lhs_sql, rhs_sql), params

    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
        return connection.operators[self.lookup_name] % rhs


class FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin:
    """
    Some lookups require Field.get_db_prep_value() to be called on their
    inputs.
    """
    get_db_prep_lookup_value_is_iterable = False

    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, value, connection):
        # For relational fields, use the 'target_field' attribute of the
        # output_field.
        field = getattr(self.lhs.output_field, 'target_field', None)
        get_db_prep_value = getattr(field, 'get_db_prep_value', None) or self.lhs.output_field.get_db_prep_value
        return (
            '%s',
            [get_db_prep_value(v, connection, prepared=True) for v in value]
            if self.get_db_prep_lookup_value_is_iterable else
            [get_db_prep_value(value, connection, prepared=True)]
        )


class FieldGetDbPrepValueIterableMixin(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin):
    """
    Some lookups require Field.get_db_prep_value() to be called on each value
    in an iterable.
    """
    get_db_prep_lookup_value_is_iterable = True

    def get_prep_lookup(self):
        if hasattr(self.rhs, 'resolve_expression'):
            return self.rhs
        prepared_values = []
        for rhs_value in self.rhs:
            if hasattr(rhs_value, 'resolve_expression'):
                # An expression will be handled by the database but can coexist
                # alongside real values.
                pass
            elif self.prepare_rhs and hasattr(self.lhs.output_field, 'get_prep_value'):
                rhs_value = self.lhs.output_field.get_prep_value(rhs_value)
            prepared_values.append(rhs_value)
        return prepared_values

    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
        if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
            # rhs should be an iterable of values. Use batch_process_rhs()
            # to prepare/transform those values.
            return self.batch_process_rhs(compiler, connection)
        else:
            return super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)

    def resolve_expression_parameter(self, compiler, connection, sql, param):
        params = [param]
        if hasattr(param, 'resolve_expression'):
            param = param.resolve_expression(compiler.query)
        if hasattr(param, 'as_sql'):
            sql, params = compiler.compile(param)
        return sql, params

    def batch_process_rhs(self, compiler, connection, rhs=None):
        pre_processed = super().batch_process_rhs(compiler, connection, rhs)
        # The params list may contain expressions which compile to a
        # sql/param pair. Zip them to get sql and param pairs that refer to the
        # same argument and attempt to replace them with the result of
        # compiling the param step.
        sql, params = zip(*(
            self.resolve_expression_parameter(compiler, connection, sql, param)
            for sql, param in zip(*pre_processed)
        ))
        params = itertools.chain.from_iterable(params)
        return sql, tuple(params)


class PostgresOperatorLookup(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, Lookup):
    """Lookup defined by operators on PostgreSQL."""
    postgres_operator = None

    def as_postgresql(self, compiler, connection):
        lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
        rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
        params = tuple(lhs_params) + tuple(rhs_params)
        return '%s %s %s' % (lhs, self.postgres_operator, rhs), params


@Field.register_lookup
class Exact(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'exact'

    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
        from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
        if isinstance(self.rhs, Query):
            if self.rhs.has_limit_one():
                if not self.rhs.has_select_fields:
                    self.rhs.clear_select_clause()
                    self.rhs.add_fields(['pk'])
            else:
                raise ValueError(
                    'The QuerySet value for an exact lookup must be limited to '
                    'one result using slicing.'
                )
        return super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        # Avoid comparison against direct rhs if lhs is a boolean value. That
        # turns "boolfield__exact=True" into "WHERE boolean_field" instead of
        # "WHERE boolean_field = True" when allowed.
        if (
            isinstance(self.rhs, bool) and
            getattr(self.lhs, 'conditional', False) and
            connection.ops.conditional_expression_supported_in_where_clause(self.lhs)
        ):
            lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
            template = '%s' if self.rhs else 'NOT %s'
            return template % lhs_sql, params
        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)


@Field.register_lookup
class IExact(BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'iexact'
    prepare_rhs = False

    def process_rhs(self, qn, connection):
        rhs, params = super().process_rhs(qn, connection)
        if params:
            params[0] = connection.ops.prep_for_iexact_query(params[0])
        return rhs, params


@Field.register_lookup
class GreaterThan(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'gt'


@Field.register_lookup
class GreaterThanOrEqual(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'gte'


@Field.register_lookup
class LessThan(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'lt'


@Field.register_lookup
class LessThanOrEqual(FieldGetDbPrepValueMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'lte'


class IntegerFieldFloatRounding:
    """
    Allow floats to work as query values for IntegerField. Without this, the
    decimal portion of the float would always be discarded.
    """
    def get_prep_lookup(self):
        if isinstance(self.rhs, float):
            self.rhs = math.ceil(self.rhs)
        return super().get_prep_lookup()


@IntegerField.register_lookup
class IntegerGreaterThanOrEqual(IntegerFieldFloatRounding, GreaterThanOrEqual):
    pass


@IntegerField.register_lookup
class IntegerLessThan(IntegerFieldFloatRounding, LessThan):
    pass


@Field.register_lookup
class In(FieldGetDbPrepValueIterableMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'in'

    def process_rhs(self, compiler, connection):
        db_rhs = getattr(self.rhs, '_db', None)
        if db_rhs is not None and db_rhs != connection.alias:
            raise ValueError(
                "Subqueries aren't allowed across different databases. Force "
                "the inner query to be evaluated using `list(inner_query)`."
            )

        if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
            # Remove None from the list as NULL is never equal to anything.
            try:
                rhs = OrderedSet(self.rhs)
                rhs.discard(None)
            except TypeError:  # Unhashable items in self.rhs
                rhs = [r for r in self.rhs if r is not None]

            if not rhs:
                raise EmptyResultSet

            # rhs should be an iterable; use batch_process_rhs() to
            # prepare/transform those values.
            sqls, sqls_params = self.batch_process_rhs(compiler, connection, rhs)
            placeholder = '(' + ', '.join(sqls) + ')'
            return (placeholder, sqls_params)
        else:
            if not getattr(self.rhs, 'has_select_fields', True):
                self.rhs.clear_select_clause()
                self.rhs.add_fields(['pk'])
            return super().process_rhs(compiler, connection)

    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
        return 'IN %s' % rhs

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        max_in_list_size = connection.ops.max_in_list_size()
        if self.rhs_is_direct_value() and max_in_list_size and len(self.rhs) > max_in_list_size:
            return self.split_parameter_list_as_sql(compiler, connection)
        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)

    def split_parameter_list_as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        # This is a special case for databases which limit the number of
        # elements which can appear in an 'IN' clause.
        max_in_list_size = connection.ops.max_in_list_size()
        lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
        rhs, rhs_params = self.batch_process_rhs(compiler, connection)
        in_clause_elements = ['(']
        params = []
        for offset in range(0, len(rhs_params), max_in_list_size):
            if offset > 0:
                in_clause_elements.append(' OR ')
            in_clause_elements.append('%s IN (' % lhs)
            params.extend(lhs_params)
            sqls = rhs[offset: offset + max_in_list_size]
            sqls_params = rhs_params[offset: offset + max_in_list_size]
            param_group = ', '.join(sqls)
            in_clause_elements.append(param_group)
            in_clause_elements.append(')')
            params.extend(sqls_params)
        in_clause_elements.append(')')
        return ''.join(in_clause_elements), params


class PatternLookup(BuiltinLookup):
    param_pattern = '%%%s%%'
    prepare_rhs = False

    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
        # Assume we are in startswith. We need to produce SQL like:
        #     col LIKE %s, ['thevalue%']
        # For python values we can (and should) do that directly in Python,
        # but if the value is for example reference to other column, then
        # we need to add the % pattern match to the lookup by something like
        #     col LIKE othercol || '%%'
        # So, for Python values we don't need any special pattern, but for
        # SQL reference values or SQL transformations we need the correct
        # pattern added.
        if hasattr(self.rhs, 'as_sql') or self.bilateral_transforms:
            pattern = connection.pattern_ops[self.lookup_name].format(connection.pattern_esc)
            return pattern.format(rhs)
        else:
            return super().get_rhs_op(connection, rhs)

    def process_rhs(self, qn, connection):
        rhs, params = super().process_rhs(qn, connection)
        if self.rhs_is_direct_value() and params and not self.bilateral_transforms:
            params[0] = self.param_pattern % connection.ops.prep_for_like_query(params[0])
        return rhs, params


@Field.register_lookup
class Contains(PatternLookup):
    lookup_name = 'contains'


@Field.register_lookup
class IContains(Contains):
    lookup_name = 'icontains'


@Field.register_lookup
class StartsWith(PatternLookup):
    lookup_name = 'startswith'
    param_pattern = '%s%%'


@Field.register_lookup
class IStartsWith(StartsWith):
    lookup_name = 'istartswith'


@Field.register_lookup
class EndsWith(PatternLookup):
    lookup_name = 'endswith'
    param_pattern = '%%%s'


@Field.register_lookup
class IEndsWith(EndsWith):
    lookup_name = 'iendswith'


@Field.register_lookup
class Range(FieldGetDbPrepValueIterableMixin, BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'range'

    def get_rhs_op(self, connection, rhs):
        return "BETWEEN %s AND %s" % (rhs[0], rhs[1])


@Field.register_lookup
class IsNull(BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'isnull'
    prepare_rhs = False

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        if not isinstance(self.rhs, bool):
            raise ValueError(
                'The QuerySet value for an isnull lookup must be True or '
                'False.'
            )
        sql, params = compiler.compile(self.lhs)
        if self.rhs:
            return "%s IS NULL" % sql, params
        else:
            return "%s IS NOT NULL" % sql, params


@Field.register_lookup
class Regex(BuiltinLookup):
    lookup_name = 'regex'
    prepare_rhs = False

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        if self.lookup_name in connection.operators:
            return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)
        else:
            lhs, lhs_params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection)
            rhs, rhs_params = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
            sql_template = connection.ops.regex_lookup(self.lookup_name)
            return sql_template % (lhs, rhs), lhs_params + rhs_params


@Field.register_lookup
class IRegex(Regex):
    lookup_name = 'iregex'


class YearLookup(Lookup):
    def year_lookup_bounds(self, connection, year):
        from django.db.models.functions import ExtractIsoYear
        iso_year = isinstance(self.lhs, ExtractIsoYear)
        output_field = self.lhs.lhs.output_field
        if isinstance(output_field, DateTimeField):
            bounds = connection.ops.year_lookup_bounds_for_datetime_field(
                year, iso_year=iso_year,
            )
        else:
            bounds = connection.ops.year_lookup_bounds_for_date_field(
                year, iso_year=iso_year,
            )
        return bounds

    def as_sql(self, compiler, connection):
        # Avoid the extract operation if the rhs is a direct value to allow
        # indexes to be used.
        if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
            # Skip the extract part by directly using the originating field,
            # that is self.lhs.lhs.
            lhs_sql, params = self.process_lhs(compiler, connection, self.lhs.lhs)
            rhs_sql, _ = self.process_rhs(compiler, connection)
            rhs_sql = self.get_direct_rhs_sql(connection, rhs_sql)
            start, finish = self.year_lookup_bounds(connection, self.rhs)
            params.extend(self.get_bound_params(start, finish))
            return '%s %s' % (lhs_sql, rhs_sql), params
        return super().as_sql(compiler, connection)

    def get_direct_rhs_sql(self, connection, rhs):
        return connection.operators[self.lookup_name] % rhs

    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        raise NotImplementedError(
            'subclasses of YearLookup must provide a get_bound_params() method'
        )


class YearExact(YearLookup, Exact):
    def get_direct_rhs_sql(self, connection, rhs):
        return 'BETWEEN %s AND %s'

    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        return (start, finish)


class YearGt(YearLookup, GreaterThan):
    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        return (finish,)


class YearGte(YearLookup, GreaterThanOrEqual):
    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        return (start,)


class YearLt(YearLookup, LessThan):
    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        return (start,)


class YearLte(YearLookup, LessThanOrEqual):
    def get_bound_params(self, start, finish):
        return (finish,)


class UUIDTextMixin:
    """
    Strip hyphens from a value when filtering a UUIDField on backends without
    a native datatype for UUID.
    """
    def process_rhs(self, qn, connection):
        if not connection.features.has_native_uuid_field:
            from django.db.models.functions import Replace
            if self.rhs_is_direct_value():
                self.rhs = Value(self.rhs)
            self.rhs = Replace(self.rhs, Value('-'), Value(''), output_field=CharField())
        rhs, params = super().process_rhs(qn, connection)
        return rhs, params


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDIExact(UUIDTextMixin, IExact):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDContains(UUIDTextMixin, Contains):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDIContains(UUIDTextMixin, IContains):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDStartsWith(UUIDTextMixin, StartsWith):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDIStartsWith(UUIDTextMixin, IStartsWith):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDEndsWith(UUIDTextMixin, EndsWith):
    pass


@UUIDField.register_lookup
class UUIDIEndsWith(UUIDTextMixin, IEndsWith):
    pass